DE Weekly: Aestheticism, Wilde, & The Picture of Dorian Gray
“I sent my Soul through the Invisible, Some letter of that After-life to spell: And by and by my Soul return’d to me, And answer’d: ‘I Myself am Heav’n and Hell.’” This poem from the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam is repeated in a film I watched this past week, the 1945 adaptation of Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray.
The poem is read throughout the movie by the film’s namesake, Dorian Gray. Sitting for a portrait painted by his friend Basil Hallward, Dorian meets Lord Henry Wotton, a man who lives only for pleasure, and suggests to Dorian that men should pursue only their sensual pleasures.
DE Weekly: Sartre, Being-for-Others, & the Invisible Guest Theory
Every now and then, interesting conversations arise on social media, allowing for philosophical perspectives to interject and offer insight into the topic. I came across just such a conversation this past week when I saw people discussing the “Invisible Guest Theory.” As I tend to do, I immediately thought about how existential philosophy applies to this theory.
The Invisible Guest Theory suggests that people in social situations, such as a party, are too preoccupied with themselves and their own insecurities to pay any attention to anyone else; in effect, they are thinking entirely of themselves and have no time or attention to focus on or judge you.
DE Weekly: Existence, Essence, & the Cosmic Lottery
Every now and then, I come across a post online, usually accompanied by a graphic of some sort, that says something like, “If you were born in North America, remember that you had a 3.04% chance of being born there. How lucky you are!”
The same graphic contrasts this claim by saying the chances of you being born in Asia was 49.69%, and your chances of being born on the African continent 34.87%.
DE Weekly: The Hurt Locker, Cereal, & the Burden of Choice
Jean-Paul Sartre made famous the Existentialist idea that, as humans, we are “condemned to be free.” By this, he meant that we did not choose to be alive, but once alive, we are responsible for the choices we make. Even not choosing to choose is a choice.
This level of absolute personal responsibility––what Sartre called our radical freedom––often leads us to anguish and dread. The overwhelming weight of being the one responsible for your choices is terrifying, on some level; in the end, we are the one true author of our life.
DE Weekly: Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology, & Being-in-the-World
One could raise a valid critique that the most glaring weakness of existentialism is that it is too abstract; it could be said that it deals too much in theory, is too complicated, and not grounded enough to be useful in everyday life. However, not every existentialist thought the same way. Some even challenged that same abstractness, including one Maurice Merleau-Ponty.
Merleau-Ponty was a twentieth-century French philosopher who is often grouped with his contemporaries––especially Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir, whom he studied alongside at the École Normale Supérieure––as an existentialist. Being strongly influenced by Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger helps bolster this notion.
DE Weekly: Barron, Modern Thought, & the Influence of Ideas
Last week, I wrote about Jean Baudrillard’s Simulacra and Simulation, a book explaining how perception of the modern world is dominated by “simulacra,” or “copies without originals.” Baudrillard argues we endure a “hyperreality,” wherein signs replace reality and our perception is defined by said signs.
If you haven’t read last week’s newsletter yet, I highly recommend doing so to get caught up on what I’ll be discussing this week.
DE Weekly: Simone de Beauvoir, Sedimentation, & Blank Slate Theory
One of the themes you will see repeated in existentialist texts is that we are born into this world with a radical freedom, “thrown” totally free into life to make whatever we like of it. If there is no inherent meaning to life, the existentialists argue, that means we are free to find and create our own meaning.
How simple is it, though, to create meaning in our lives? Is there anything blocking our path, standing in our way? It turns out, there is.
DE Weekly: Pragmatism, Radical Empiricism, & William James
Earlier this month, I wrote about the existential humanism put forth by Jean-Paul Sartre in his published 1945 lecture L’Existentialisme est un Humanisme (Existentialism is a Humanism). I compared traditional existentialism with humanist philosophy, marking the differences between the two and where they intersect.
Today, I’d like to do the same with the pragmatism and radical empiricism of American psychologist and philosopher William James.
DE Weekly: Kierkegaard, Paradox, & Theistic Existentialism
Anthony Bourdain once said something like, “To say you’ve had Mexican food is to say nothing at all.” What he meant was, if one was to explore the different regions of Mexico, the local cuisine varies so much, so drastically that you would almost think you’re eating a totally different type of food.
In the same way, to say you could define existentialism in one sentence is to say nothing at all. You can’t.
DE Weekly: Existentialism, Humanism, & Life as a Project
Existentialism sometimes has a rap for being a rather convoluted philosophy. We can assign blame to its most famous authors, I think, for that perception; Martin Heidegger, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Jean-Paul Sartre, and the like wrote in such a way that many of the philosophy’s takeaways seem abstruse to the average reader.
This being the case, if we were to pose the question, “What is Existentialism?”, where would we begin? It’s unhelpful when those like Albert Camus and even Sartre himself rejected the term “existentialist.”